Solving systems of equations is a fundamental skill in algebra that allows you to find the values of variables that satisfy multiple equations simultaneously. One effective method for solving these systems is substitution, which involves isolating one variable in one equation and substituting that expression into the other equation.

To illustrate this method, consider the following system of equations:

1. y = 2x + 3

2. x + y = 10

In the first equation, we can see that y is expressed in terms of x. This makes it easy to substitute the expression for y into the second equation. By substituting 2x + 3 for y in the second equation, we can solve for x:

x + (2x + 3) = 10

Comb

ining like terms gives us:

3x + 3 = 10

Next, we can isolate x by subtracting 3 from both sides:

3x = 7

Now, divide both sides by 3:

x = 7/3

With the value of x determined, we can substitute it back into the first equation to find y:

y = 2(7/3) + 3

Calculating this gives:

y = 14/3 + 9/3 = 23/3

Thus, the solution to the system of equations is:

(x, y) = (7/3, 23/3)

This method of substitution is particularly useful when one of the equations is already solved for one variable, as it simplifies the process of finding the solution.

Why Use Substitution?

Substitution is a powerful technique for solving systems of equations because it allows for a straightforward approach to finding variable values. It is especially effective when dealing with linear equations, where one variable can easily be isolated. This method can also be applied to nonlinear equations, although the complexity may increase.

Another advantage of substitution is that it can provide insight into the relationship between the variables. By expressing one variable in terms of another, you can better understand how changes in one variable affect the other.

When to Use Substitution

Substitution is best used when:

  • One equation is already solved for one variable.
  • The equations are simple enough to allow for easy manipulation.
  • You are comfortable with algebraic manipulation and solving for variables.

However, if the equations are complex or if both equations are in standard form, other methods such as elimination might be more efficient.

Example Problem

Let’s consider another example:

1. 2x + 3y = 12

2. y = x – 2

In this case, we can substitute the expression for y from the second equation into the first equation:

2x + 3(x – 2) = 12

Expanding this gives:

2x + 3x – 6 = 12

Combining like terms results in:

5x – 6 = 12

Adding 6 to both sides yields:

5x = 18

Dividing by 5 gives:

x = 18/5

Substituting this value back into the second equation to find y:

y = (18/5) – 2 = (18/5) – (10/5) = 8/5

Thus, the solution is:

(x, y) = (18/5, 8/5)

Conclusion

Solving systems of equations by substitution is a valuable skill that can simplify complex problems. By isolating one variable and substituting it into another equation, you can find solutions efficiently. This method not only aids in solving equations but also enhances your understanding of the relationships between variables.

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